$\dot x = \sigma(y-x)$, $\dot y = x(\rho - z) - y$, $\dot z = xy - \beta z$ with $\sigma = 10$ and $\beta = 8/3$. The largest Lyapunov exponent $\lambda_1$ comes from one trajectory per $\rho$ after a warm-up, through DynamicalModels.lyapunov_exponent. Where $\lambda_1 > 0$ nearby trajectories separate: the system is chaotic. The textbook onset for these $\sigma, \beta$ is near $\rho \approx 24.74$.
| ρ | λ₁ | verdict |
|---|---|---|
| 14.0 | -0.3948 | not chaotic |
| 16.0 | -0.3077 | not chaotic |
| 18.0 | -0.228 | not chaotic |
| 20.0 | -0.1546 | not chaotic |
| 22.0 | -0.0864 | not chaotic |
| 24.0 | 0.7628 | chaotic |
| 24.74 | 0.8073 | chaotic |
| 26.0 | 0.8568 | chaotic |
| 28.0 | 0.9029 | chaotic |
| 30.0 | 0.951 | chaotic |
| 35.0 | 1.0449 | chaotic |
| 40.0 | 1.1314 | chaotic |